初始化新磁盘
先使用 fdisk -l 命令查看所有检测到的磁盘与分区，找到新添加磁盘的路径：
Disk /dev/sdb: 256 GiB, 274877906944 bytes, 536870912 sectors
Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes对新添加的磁盘进行分区：
~ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.37.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x08c3917d.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-268435455, default 2048):
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-268435455, default 268435455):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 128 GiB.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.再次查看所有磁盘与分区：
Disk /dev/sdb: 128 GiB, 137438953472 bytes, 268435456 sectors
Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x08c3917d
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 268435455 268433408 128G 83 Linux格式化分区：
sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1挂载：
sudo mkdir /data
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /data查看空间占用：
~ sudo df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs tmpfs 197M 1.2M 196M 1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv ext4 61G 5.9G 53G 11% /
tmpfs tmpfs 982M 0 982M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
/dev/sda2 ext4 2.0G 251M 1.6G 14% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 197M 4.0K 197M 1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sdb1 ext4 126G 24K 120G 1% /data添加至 /etc/fstab 以实现开机自动挂载：
使用 blkid 或 ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/ 命令得到分区的 uuid，然后向 /etc/fstab 文件末尾追加一行：
UUID=10fd13d0-5d0f-42cc-9c14-331858bbcf01 /data ext4 defaults 0 2最后重启系统。
附加磁盘扩容
使用 df -Th 查看当前磁盘分区容量、挂载信息：
/dev/sdc1 ext4 126G 90G 30G 76% /data首先通过 hypervisor （这里我使用的是 pve，其他虚拟机软件同理）直接配置扩展磁盘大小。pve 可以方便地进行在线容量扩展，不需要进行关机或重新挂载磁盘的操作。
进入系统，输入 fdisk -l 查看所有磁盘及分区，可以观察到硬盘有分区表大小不匹配的警告：
GPT PMBR size mismatch (268435455 != 536870911) will be corrected by write.
The backup GPT table is not on the end of the device.先使用 parted -l 解决分区表不匹配问题：
Warning: Not all of the space available to /dev/sdc appears to be used, you can
fix the GPT to use all of the space (an extra 268435456 blocks) or continue with
the current setting?
Fix/Ignore? Fix
Model: QEMU QEMU HARDDISK (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 275GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 137GB 137GB ext4接下来的操作就很简单了，直接使用 cfdisk /dev/sdc 命令进行 resize，然后使用 resize2fs /dev/sdc1 命令同步系统容量到内核。
再次使用 df -Th 查看当前磁盘分区容量：
/dev/sdc1 ext4 252G 90G 151G 38% /data磁盘的容量已成功扩大并应用。
主分区磁盘扩容
类似地，先使用 cfdisk resize 磁盘并更新分区表。
然后，若直接 resize2fs:
~ sudo resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
resize2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021)
The filesystem is already 7863296 (4k) blocks long. Nothing to do!先使用 pvresize 命令 resize，再使用 lvresize 扩大文件系统：
~ sudo pvresize /dev/sda3
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" changed
1 physical volume(s) resized or updated / 0 physical volume(s) not resized
~ sudo lvresize -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
Size of logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv changed from <30.00 GiB (7679 extents) to <62.00 GiB (15871 extents).
Logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv successfully resized.再次使用 fdisk -l 命令查看，则观察到分区由：
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv: 62 GiB, 66567798784 bytes, 130015232 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes变为：
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv: 254 GiB, 272726228992 bytes, 532668416 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes最后使用 resize2fs 应用更改：
~ sudo resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
resize2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 4, new_desc_blocks = 8
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv is now 16251904 (4k) blocks long.=>
~ sudo df -Th ok | twikor@sodium
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs tmpfs 197M 1.2M 196M 1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv ext4 61G 5.9G 53G 11% /
tmpfs tmpfs 982M 0 982M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
/dev/sda2 ext4 2.0G 251M 1.6G 14% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 197M 4.0K 197M 1% /run/user/1000